Quiz - the Answer

A Bee Bole is the official name of the structure - i.e an individual recess or row of recesses usually set into a stone or brick wall. Each recess holds one Bee Skep - a skep being a coiled straw bee hive which has been traditionally used by bee keepers until the introduction of wooden hives around the 1850s. The word "bole" is an old Scottish word meaning a wall recess. 

A big thank you to all of those who attempted the quiz and offered an interesting variety of comments. The first and only 100% correct answer was given by John from the blog By Stargoose and Hanglands. John knew that the recesses were called Bee Boles and that the hives are called Bee Skeps ⭐. The second answer came from Jeanneke who said "is it a bee hotel for solitary bees to use for pollinating?" Jeanneke was definitely on the right track as she recognised that the structure was for bees. However, these structures and hives are for honey bees Apis mellifera who live in large colonies unlike solitary bees.  Anyone who is interested in the life story of a solitary bee can read a post that I wrote about them here. Wondering if it was possible to have a second attempt, "yes", I was more than happy for anyone to try again, Britta said "are the holes to put bee hives into?" An excellent second attempt Britta. A 50% correct answer came from "East Witton" (no name or blog) who said that Bee Skeps filled the recesses, but omitted to give a name to the structure and recesses. Finally comment number No.5 arrived from Yoko who said that in the third image she imagined holes for bees as apartments - Yoko's answer is definitely travelling along the right track.  

Bee keeping was a common activity for hundreds of years being the main source of sweetness before the arrival of sugar. It was a commodity in high demand not only for the honey but also for the beeswax which was used to make candles and tapers for churches, cathedrals, abbeys and the grand homes of the wealthy. The common man would have used tallow which is a rendered form of beef or mutton fat. Tithes and rents were often paid for with honey and/or beeswax, and even bee swarms.

I mentioned that we have a Bee Bole structure in one of our drystone garden walls which also holds a Bee Skep. It is not easy to find a Bee Skep craftsperson, but eventually I successfully tracked someone down.

The golden straw of the Bee Skep has weathered and mellowed now that it is in situ.

A Quiz for 2023

It is a long time since I offered you a quiz.  The following free standing structure is unusual, this stone feature is normally to be found built into a wall - I have one in my own garden. Alas it is not historic, ours was built into our drystone wall at my request. They should be south facing, and many can still be found right across Britain today, some dating back as far as the 12th century. They can still be seen in the fortified walls of medieval towns, castles, monasteries and in the walled gardens of many stately homes or large properties.

a) What is the official term used for these structures and b) The special name given for the items that they contained?

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for the duration of the quiz.

Botany

I enjoy growing flowers in my garden but I especially love discovering flowers growing in their wild habitat. My interest in flowers was first kindled as a six year old when my parents bought me the Flower Fairy Alphabet book written by Cicely Mary Barker.

The girl's school that I attended had a very enthusiastic botany teacher - Miss Hunter. I wonder, is botany still taught at school? She would take us out for the whole day into the Derbyshire Dales once or twice a year. She carried a large biscuit tin in which one of us would place one specimen of each wild flower that we discovered. The following day all of the flowers would be laid out, dissected, drawn and labelled. She taught us both their scientific names and their common names. Their different growing habitats, how they distributed their seeds, but above all gave us all a real love of wild flowers. 

I want to tell you about a very remarkable lady, Dr. Margaret Bradshaw, MBE, who has written her very first book at the grand age of 97years. The book, which is due out next month in the UK, is called Teesdale's Special Flora - Places, plants and people, pubished by Princeton University Press. The subject is the unique wild flowers that grow in Upper Teesdale, Co Durham, many of which date back to the Ice Age, a subject that has consumed Maragret for much of her life.

She hopes that her book gets the message out that there are many special plants in Teesdale that should be treasured and their habitats conserved. 

When asked about her great age she said that genetics played a part. Her twin brother lived to 93, her mother and grandmother both to 95, but the key, she said, was to get yourself a hobby - something you enjoy doing and become an expert. Remarkably she enjoys horse riding having only taken it up just three years ago. Last year she rode 55miles over ten weeks to raise money for the conservation charity she set up. 

Margaret out riding on Queenie in Upper Teesdale

The following photographs are a few of the beautiful wildflowers to be found growing in Upper Teesdale

spring gentian - Gentiana verna 

birdseye primrose - Primila farinosa

common cow-wheat - Melampyrum pratense

montane eyebright - Euphrasia officinalis subsp. monticola

This plant is a very special rare plant that only grows in species-rich upland hay meadow vegetation. It is a Nationally Scarce species and listed as Vulnerable on the UK Red List. 

marsh lousewort - pedicularis-palustris

alpine bartsia  - Bartsia alpina

This is another of Upper Teesdale's special plants, It is Nationally Rare - it's main British distribution being in the Breadalbanes, Scotland. It is very rare in England and it too is listed as Vunerable on the English Red List. 

It is semi-parasitic because the plants are parasitic on the roots of other species, but they also have chlorophyll, so they don't totally rely on their host plants. 

I am very gratefully to Botanist John O'Reilly, who was chosen by Margaret to be the main botanist recording the plants recently. All of these photos are his, apart from the last one which was taken by Margaret.